How do you raise a child who assumes responsibility for his actions, including making amends and avoiding a repeat, whether the authority figure is present
or not?
- You give guidance about moral principles and expected behavior,
- Stay connected so he WANTS to do the "right" thing,
- Give him the tools to manage his emotions and therefore his behavior, and
- Empower him to see the results of his actions, so he can choose whether to repeat them.
Hard? Yes! But that's how we teach children to use reason instead of force, to make choices from love instead of from fear.
In our last post, we reviewed why Why Punishment Doesn't Teach Your Child Accountability. Punishment actually gets in the way of kids developing morality, because the child becomes more concerned with saving his own skin than with the effects of his behavior on others.
But maybe the worst part of using punishment is that it erodes your influence with your child. As Thomas Gordon says,
"The inevitable result of consistently employing power to control your kids when they're young is that you never learn how to influence."
But I can understand if you’re feeling a bit nervous right about now. We all want to raise responsible, considerate, cooperative kids. Won't they just run wild without punishment?
The answer is no. They will just run wild without guidance! But guidance and punishment are not at all the same thing. Punishment is purposefully causing pain (physical or emotional) to force the child to do things our way. Guidance is showing our child the path we recommend, explaining why that path will get him to better places, keeping the relationship with our child strong so he WANTS to follow our lead, and giving our child the tools to stay on that path.
Unless we're willing to use force--which teaches immorality--influence is all we have to work with as parents.
Luckily, because humans resist force, influence actually works better to transmit values and behavioral standards. Kids CHOOSE to do the right thing, because they want to "follow" our lead. Loving Guidance includes:
Empathic limits
We guide kids daily in their behavior, and often that involves setting limits. Kids can't hit, run in the street, or throw their food at each other. If we set those limits harshly, they'll eventually learn them, but with lots more resistance. If we set limits with an understanding of their perspective:
"You are so mad, but I won't let you hurt your brother! Come, I'll help you tell him how you feel."
...kids feel understood, and accept those limits more readily. They're more likely to share, rather than resist, parents’ expectations.
Connection
When kids start to feel disconnected -- because they're angry, because we're angry, because we've been apart from them all day, because they have a full emotional backpack they need help with, because they're anxious, etc -- they act out until we can heal the disconnect. When kids feel connected to us, they're open to our influence. They WANT to behave, to cooperate, to please us. Since we're the most important people in our child's world, children are predisposed to listen to our guidance, as long as they're convinced we're on their side. Punishment erodes this connection, because we're intentionally hurting the child, either physically or emotionally.
Empathy
When our "go-to" response to our child is empathy, he develops empathy for others -- even siblings! They treat others well because they care what others feel. As my teenage son said:
"When I was little, you helped me see that the things I did could hurt people, or help them. I didn't want to cause hurt."
Empathy is one of the foundations of moral choices.
Empower to Repair
We all make mistakes, and every one of us has at one time or another damaged a relationship we care about. Kids need to know they can make amends. Once you've empathized with why your child behaved in a hurtful way, and your child has calmed down, help her reflect (like a partner or coach) on what she might do to fix what's broken. But resist the urge to make this into a punishment, or your child will resist and miss the deeper lesson.
Emotion Coaching
When kids learn to manage their emotions, they can manage their behavior, so they're ABLE to behave and cooperate. But humans only gain control of our emotions by befriending them. Start by accepting and acknowledging your child's full range of emotion with as much compassion as you can muster. Then add lots of roughhousing play to get your child laughing for 20 minutes a day -- that's how kids work through their fears. This gives your child the support she needs to regulate her emotions, so she can behave as her best self. She learns that actions must be limited, but that she is more than enough, exactly as she is -- complete with all her complicated emotions. That feeling of “goodness” is what helps all of us make progress toward our good intentions.
Modeling
Children learn their values and emotional regulation from what parents DO, not from what we SAY. As my teenage daughter said,
"You always listened to us and tried to work things out and you didn't punish us. So we learned to listen to each other, and other people, and to try to work things out so it works for everyone, and we don't use force to get our way."
Notice this is an essential life skill. It's also the foundation that keeps kids from participating in bullying!
Discussion
Children learn from experience accompanied by reflection. It's our job to provide the opportunities for reflection. That means LOTS of talking and listening with your child, daily. If you only talk when there's a problem, you can count on lots of problems. But remember to listen more than you talk.
Helping your child take responsibility for her actions happens every day that you set empathic limits, connect, empathize, empower your child to repair, emotion coach, model, and discuss.
You'll notice that much of this is prevention. Prevention is always the most effective strategy, because once kids "misbehave" your options are more limited. Luckily, when you parent this way, kids don't act out as much. Once you get out of the habit of punishing and see how much your child WANTS to cooperate, you won't miss punishment at all.
